Nepenthes samudera Chiu, Goh, Lim, & Balahadia sp. nov. from Sumatra, Indonesia is described and illustrated on material cultivated from wild collected seed. The largest known member of the Sumatra-Java clade as delineated by Murphy et al. (2021), the new species has no clear affinities to known Nepenthes taxa from Sumatra. Based on observations in cultivation and the rarity of upper pitchers, the species is regarded as an obligate terrestrial of lower-mid montane habitats, and is hypothesised to be a sandstone or limestone endemic. The proposed conservation status of the species is ‘Data Deficient’ (DD), as the only known collection occurred in the 1980s, and it has not since been observed in the wild.